Thursday, April 4, 2013

wood ducks all you need to know

By Wilma Robinson

Those of you who have put up wood duck boxes on your property will be watching these days for the first eggs
of the season. Some wood ducks will already have started their clutches but others will delay until the middle
of June. Maybe these are late arrivals from the south, while the early layers are winter residents. Whatever the reason, the later clutches almost always contain fewer eggs than the earlier ones. It is quite interesting to watch the male wood duck trying to convince the female to enter the nest box. He stands on top of the box, whistling softly, and peering down at the entrance hole, then looking back encouragingly at her as she stands on a nearby limb. Getting no response, he drops to the entrance hole and enters the box Himself. After a brief inspection,
he appears at the hole again and flies out to Join his mate on the branch. After more soft whistles and head-bobbings, he finally convinces her and she drops to the entrance hole for her own inspection of her new home.
The next morning a shiny new egg laid in a small depression in the shavings, shows that she has accepted
her mate's choice.
    Contrary to popular belief, the male does not desert the female during incubation of the eggs. I have watched them return many times from feeding, and always they fly close together towards their nest tree and as they come abreast of the nest box, the female drops quickly to the entrance hole and male continues on as though nothing has happened. He lands either in the slough below or in the river beyond, where he may join other males in feeding, or just rest by himself until it is time again for the female to leave the box. Then she will peer out the hole and call softly. At his answer whistle she leaves the box and joins him on the water. 
   Wood ducks are sociable creatures and even though there may be empty boxes nearby, they will often double up in one box. Sometimes three or even four females will share the same box. One such box we had must have been shared by four females, since four new eggs appeared every day until there were 29 eggs in the box. These eggs were incubated for the full time, but only 19 eggs hatched. The pile of eggs was so
deep that obviously the lower eggs suffered from lack of heat and the duck could never reach them to turn them over. When females share the same box they also share the incubating chores. The first time we knew two females were laying in the same box, we watched to see who would do the incubating. We saw the one pair rise from the river and fly past the entrance hole, make a wide circle and then come back to the tree. The duck must have given some kind of signal to the female who was incubating because, before the first pair returned to complete their circle, she appeared at the entrance hole and flew out to join her mate in the river below. As she left the nest, the other female flew in and took over. We saw this happen many times, both with these two pairs and with others who shared boxes over the 12 years we have been observing them.
    We were curious to see, also, who would take over the brood when they hatched, so when we saw one day, that the eggs were pipped, we knew the  little ones would jump the next morning. We stationed ourselves
near the tree, at about 7 in the morning. Below the tree, in thicket, we could see the other pair of wood ducks waiting. Soon the female in the box poked her head out the entrance hole. Looking carefully around she checked the situation and finding everything peaceful, she dropped to the river below. In answer
to her soft call, two tiny wood ducks appeared in the hole. Peeping wildly, they pushed themselves out into space and dropped, light as thistledown, forty feet to the ground below. Picking themselves up, they gave a little shake and hurried off in the direction of their mother's voice. Twelve more followed them and all of them went to the calling female. 
    The other pair of wood ducks watched from the river and when all the young paddled off with their mother, they turned and flew off in the opposite direction, presumably to spend the summer free of the cares of parenthood. Sometimes the eggs are, for unknown reasons, infertile. Occasionally, when this happens, the duck incubates them far longer than the usual 32 days. We had one duck who spent 69 days trying to hatch nine infertile eggs! Finally we threw the eggs out to prevent her from spending her entire summer in frustration in the nest box. Whatever happens, wood ducks are interesting creatures, and lucky is he or she who has a pair nesting nearby. Measurements for wood duck boxes can be obtained on line



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